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Watch this little robot transform to get the job done – TechCrunch

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Robots just want to get things done, but it’s frustrating when their rigid bodies simply don’t allow them to do so. Solution: bodies that can be reconfigured on the fly! Sure, it’s probably bad news for humanity in the long run, but in the meantime it makes for fascinating research.

A team of graduate students from Cornell University and the University of Pennsylvania made this idea their focus and produced both the modular, self-reconfiguring robot itself and the logic that drives it.

Think about how you navigate the world: If you need to walk somewhere, you sort of initiate your “walk” function. But if you need to crawl through a smaller space, you need to switch functions and shapes. Similarly, if you need to pick something up off a table, you can just use your “grab” function, but if you need to reach around or over an obstacle you need to modify the shape of your arm and how it moves. Naturally you have a nearly limitless “library” of these functions that you switch between at will.

That’s really not the case for robots, which are much more rigidly designed both in hardware and software. This research, however, aims to create a similar — if considerably smaller — library of actions and configurations that a robot can use on the fly to achieve its goals.

In their paper published today in Science Robotics, the team documents the groundwork they undertook, and although it’s still extremely limited, it hints at how this type of versatility will be achieved in the future.

The robot itself, called SMORES-EP, might be better described as a collection of robots: small cubes (it’s a popular form factor) equipped with wheels and magnets that can connect to each other and cooperate when one or all of them won’t do the job. The brains of the operation lie in a central unit equipped with a camera and depth sensor it uses to survey the surroundings and decide what to do.

If it sounds a little familiar, that’s because the same team demonstrated a different aspect of this system earlier this year, namely the ability to identify spaces it can’t navigate and deploy items to remedy that. The current paper is focused on the underlying system that the robot uses to perceive its surroundings and interact with it.

Let’s put this in more concrete terms. Say a robot like this one is given the goal of collecting the shoes from around your apartment and putting them back in your closet. It gets around your apartment fine but ultimately identifies a target shoe that’s underneath your bed. It knows that it’s too big to fit under there because it can perceive dimensions and understands its own shape and size. But it also knows that it has functions for accessing enclosed areas, and it can tell that by arranging its parts in such and such a way it should be able to reach the shoe and bring it back out.

The flexibility of this approach and the ability to make these decisions autonomously are where the paper identifies advances. This isn’t a narrow “shoe-under-bed-getter” function, it’s a general tool for accessing areas the robot itself can’t fit into, whether that means pushing a recessed button, lifting a cup sitting on its side, or reaching between condiments to grab one in the back.

A visualization of how the robot perceives its environment.

As with just about everything in robotics, this is harder than it sounds, and it doesn’t even sound easy. The “brain” needs to be able to recognize objects, accurately measure distances, and fundamentally understand physical relationships between objects. In the shoe grabbing situation above, what’s stopping a robot from trying to lift the bed and leave it in place floating above the ground while it drives underneath? Artificial intelligences have no inherent understanding of any basic concept and so many must be hard-coded or algorithms created that reliably make the right choice.

Don’t worry, the robots aren’t quite at the “collect shoes” or “collect remaining humans” stage yet. The tests to which the team subjected their little robot were more like “get around these cardboard boxes and move any pink-labeled objects to the designated drop-off area.” Even this type of carefully delineated task is remarkably difficult, but the bot did just fine — though rather slowly, as lab-based bots tend to be.

The authors of the paper have since finished their grad work and moved on to new (though surely related) things. Tarik Tosun, one of the authors with whom I talked for this article, explained that he’s now working on advancing the theoretical side of things as opposed to, say, building cube-modules with better torque. To that end he helped author VSPARC, a simulator environment for modular robots. Although it is tangential to the topic immediately at hand, the importance of this aspect of robotics research can’t be overestimated.

You can find a pre-published version of the paper here in case you don’t have access to Science Robotics.

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Huawei’s foldable is thinner, lighter, and has more battery than Samsung

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Huawei is still making phones, even if the US-China trade war puts most of the stalwart Android component vendors in a complicated relationship with the Chinese tech company. Huawei’s new phones are the flagship Huawei P60 Pro slab phone and a flagship foldable, the Huawei Mate X3.

The trade war makes these phones unique in the world of Android. First, it has a Qualcomm chip, but Huawei isn’t allowed to use the latest technology from Qualcomm, so the chip in both of these phones is the “Snapdragon 8+ Gen 1 4G Mobile Platform.” Besides being last year’s chip, this is a special, Huawei-only version of the chip that is branded as “4G.” It has had the 5G bands stripped out of it—both mmWave and sub 6 GHz.

The other oddity is the lack of Google Play apps internationally. Huawei isn’t allowed to ship the Google apps due to the export ban. While that’s normal in China (where Google Play isn’t available), internationally it means the phone is missing standard Google apps like YouTube, Gmail, Google Maps, the Google Assistant, Docs, Search, Photos, and other apps that make Android a competitive consumer OS. Instead of the Google ecosystem, you’ll be getting the OS with Huawei Mobile Services, which includes the Huawei AppGallery, Huawei Petal Maps, the Huawei Assistant (which appears just to be a search tool and some widgets, not a voice assistant), Huawei Pay, and Huawei apps for books, music, and video.

The OS is branded “EMUI 13.1” which presumably means it’s based on Android 13. Interestingly, Huawei still isn’t branding the OS with its supposedly homegrown OS called “HarmonyOS.” In China, the spec sheets list the phones with Harmony OS 3.1, but internationally they get EMUI 13.1, which is the name for Huawei’s Android skin. The company insists Harmony OS for phones is an Android rival and isn’t a copy and paste of the Android source code. But when we looked at the phone version of Harmony OS 2.0 in 2021, we found renamed Android code with no significant additions or changes beyond a typical Android skin. Huawei once claimed its Android rival would get an international release in 2022, but it still hasn’t happened.

The Chinese and English versions of the phone promo sites use the same exact pictures and apps, despite supposedly having different operating systems. Some of the English pictures, which should only show EMUI for the English markets, are labeled “HarmonyOS.” Certainly, the two OSes could share a design and have similarly branded apps, but if there were any real differences between EMUI (Android) and Harmony OS (supposedly not Android), it would be the easiest, most obvious thing in the world to explain. However, Huawei just can’t seem to provide any real evidence—curious! It’s almost like Android and Harmony OS are the same OS with two different names.

Other than the trade war stuff, the P60 Pro is a mostly normal slab smartphone with a 6.67-inch 120 Hz, 2700×1220 OLED display, 8GB of RAM, 256GB of storage, and a 4815 mAh battery. The phone has IP68 dust and water resistance, a USB-C port, Wi-Fi 6 support, 88 W wired charging, and 50 W wireless charging.

The most striking part of the design is the super-big camera opening on the back. This is only described as a 48 MP “Ultra Lighting camera.” It’s unclear if the super-big camera opening is there for any kind of functionality or if it’s just there to trick you into thinking the camera is big and impressive. If the company had used a huge 1-inch sensor like other phone manufacturers, I suspect Huawei would have said something about it. The big camera does look good though. It has a bit of a point-and-shoot camera design, which I’m always a fan of. Flanking the big camera is a 13 MP wide-angle lens and a 48 MP telephoto camera with an unlisted zoom rating.

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Apple Pay Later turns Apple into a full-on money lender

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With the limited launch today of a new service called Apple Pay Later, Apple will now lend money directly to users through the Wallet app on devices like the iPhone.

We first  heard about the service in 2021, and it was officially announced at the company’s Worldwide Developers Conference in June 2022. It faced several delays, though, as iOS 16 began to roll out last September.

Now Apple is “inviting select users to access a prerelease version of Apple Pay Later.” The service will roll out to everyone “in the coming months.”

Those who can use it now can apply for loans ranging in amount from $50 to $1,000—but they’ll only be able to spend the lent money with merchants (online or otherwise) that accept Apple Pay.

The loan payoffs will be split into four payments, and users will have six weeks to pay the loans off with no interest. The payments need to be made with a debit card, Apple says.

When users initiate the loan, Apple performs a soft credit check before making an offer. A screen appears on the user’s device that outlines the payment plan. Additionally, there is a screen within the Wallet app wherein users can track their loan balance and future payments on a calendar.

Apple Pay Later builds on Apple’s existing relationship with Mastercard and Goldman Sachs; the service is “enabled through the Mastercard Installments program,” which Apple says allows the service to work immediately with merchants that already accept Apple Pay. “Goldman Sachs is the issuer of the Mastercard payment credential used to complete Apple Pay Later purchases,” Apple says.

That said, Apple formed a subsidiary to finance Apple Pay Later loans—something it didn’t do with Apple Card or Apple Pay before. The subsidiary will start reporting loans to US credit bureaus this fall.

As smartphone adoption has slowed down somewhat recently, Apple has spent several years branching beyond profits based on hardware sales, diversifying within a wide range of services like streaming entertainment, cloud backups, fitness, and financial productions.

Listing image by Apple

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Open source espresso machine is one delicious rabbit hole inside another

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Enlarge / How far is too far to go for the perfect shot of espresso? Here’s at least one trail marker for you.

Norm Sohl

Making espresso at home involves a conundrum familiar to many activities: It can be great, cheap, or easy to figure out, but you can only pick, at most, two of those. You can spend an infinite amount of time and money tweaking and upgrading your gear, chasing shots that taste like the best café offerings, always wondering what else you could modify.

Or you could do what Norm Sohl did and build a highly configurable machine out of open source hardware plans and the thermal guts of an Espresso Gaggia. Here’s what Sohl did, and some further responses from the retired programmer and technical writer, now that his project has circulated in both open hardware and espresso-head circles.

Like many home espresso enthusiasts, Sohl had seen that his preferred machine, the Gaggia Classic Pro, could be modified in several ways, including adding a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller and other modifications to better control temperature, pressure, and shot volumes. Most intriguing to Sohl was Gaggiuino, a project that adds those things with the help of an Arduino Nano or STM32 Blackpill, a good deal of electrical work, and open software.

It looked neat to Sohl, but, as he told Ars in an email, he was pretty happy with the espresso he had dialed in on his Classic Pro. “[S]o I decided to build a new machine to experiment with. I didn’t want to risk not having coffee while experimenting on a new machine.” Luckily, he had an older machine, an Espresso Gaggia, and Gaggia’s home espresso machine designs have been fairly consistent for decades. After descaling the boiler, he had a pump, a boiler, and, as he writes, “a platform for experimentation, to try out some of the crazy things I was seeing on YouTube and online.”

Norm Sohl's DIY open source espresso maker. There's no drip tray yet, and a bit too much wiring and heat exposed, but it pulls shots.
Enlarge / Norm Sohl’s DIY open source espresso maker. There’s no drip tray yet, and a bit too much wiring and heat exposed, but it pulls shots.

Norm Sohl

Sohl ended up creating a loose guide to making your own highly configurable machine out of common espresso machine parts and the Gaggiuino software. From his own machine, he salvaged a pump with a pressure sensor, a boiler with a temperature sensor, an overpressure valve, and brew head. Sohl made a chassis for his new machine out of extrusion rails and stiffening plates.

The high-voltage boards and components were assembled breadboard style onto acrylic panels, held up by poster-tack adhesive. A 120-volt power connector was salvaged from a PC power supply, then mounted with a 3D-printed bracket. The low-voltage wires and parts were also tacked onto acrylic, individually crimped, and heat shrink-wrapped. And the control panel was 3D-printed, allowing for toggle switches and a touch-panel screen.

There’s more work to be done on Sohl’s unit; the exposed boiler and 120-volt wiring need to be hidden, and a drip tray would be nice. But it works. The first shot was fast and under-extracted, suggesting a finer grind and settings changes. Then again, that describes almost every first-time home espresso setup. Sohl writes that he hopes future versions of his project will make use of the Gaggiuino project’s own circuit board design and that he’ll have his 3D project files posted for sharing.

In an email interview, Sohl wrote that he has received friendly and encouraging responses to his project.

Mostly people are plotting their own path and wondering how deep they want to get into the weeds with extra control. My advice (if they ask!) is to get an ok machine and grinder (The Gaggia Classic and perhaps the Baratza Encore ESP grinder work for me) and then spend some quality time getting to know how to use them. For example, my grinder is old and it took me forever to figure out how fine I really had to go to get the kind of espresso I wanted.

Asked if he was intimidated by the amount of control he now had over each shot, Sohl responded, “Yes, but that’s a good thing?”

The level of control is amazing, and I am only beginning to dial in a shot that is as good as the one I get every morning from my stock machine. The machine itself still needs work before it goes into daily use – I want to add a decent drip tray before it will be really practical, and digital scales are another thing I… want to try. Honestly I think it may be overkill for my espresso needs, but I really enjoy the detailed work that goes into building and learning to use something like this. I think the satisfaction I get from building and experimenting is probably as important as the end product.

I asked Sohl which aspect was the most difficult: hardware, software/firmware, or getting the espresso dialed in. “It’s all pretty complicated, hard to pick just one thing,” he wrote. The software flashing worked without any programming on his part. The hardware required new skills, like crimping connectors, but he went slow and learned from small mistakes. Getting the espresso dialed in will probably be hardest, Sohl wrote. “I think I’ll buy a bag of fresh dark roast and spend a couple of afternoons pulling shots and changing parameters.”

Overall, “This is one of the most satisfying builds I’ve done—the mix of mechanical work, electronics, water and steam are challenging,” Sohl wrote. You can see many more shots of the DIY machine and its details at Sohl’s Substack, which we first saw via the Hackaday blog.

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